• For hardware compatibility issues, refer to our known issues.

• To learn what you can do with Tails, refer to our documentation.

• For questions related to Tor, see also to the Tor support pages.

پروژهٔ تیلز

رابطهٔ تور و تیلز چیست؟

Tails is part of the Tor Project.

Tails was founded in 2009 and joined forces with Tor in 2024.

See also our explanation about why Tails uses Tor.

چرا تیلز مبتنی بر دبیان است و نه توزیع‌های دیگر؟

ما ارتباط عمیقی با دبیان داریم. دوستی‌ها، روابط و تخصص فنی که در رابطه با دبیان داریم فایده‌های بسیاری برای تیلز دارد و برای ساختن چنین رابطه‌ای با اوبونتو، اُپن‌بی‌اس‌دی و توزیع‌های دیگر آماده نیستیم. برای جزییات رجوع کنید به اعلان ما راجع به relationship with upstream.

همچنین رجوع کنید به مقالهٔ چرا مشتقات بسیاری از دبیان وجود دارند به قلم استفانو زاکیرولی.

چرا تیلز توزیعی از اوبونتو نیست؟

ابتدا پاسخ پرسش قبلی را ببینید.

• The rapid development cycle of Ubuntu would be too fast for Tails.

• Ubuntu adds features in ways that we find dangerous for privacy. For an example, see EFF: Privacy in Ubuntu 12.10, Amazon Ads and Data Leaks.

• Ubuntu is led by Canonical, a for-profit corporation that takes most of the important decisions.

• ما معمولاً هسته‌ها و راه‌اندازی‌های ویدیویی را از بک‌پورت‌های دبیان می‌گیریم. نتیجهٔ این کار از لحاظ پشتیبانی سخت‌افزارهای جدید قابل‌مقایسه با اوبونتو است.

• ما فکر می‌کنیم کیفیت عمومی کار نگهداری بسته‌ها از جنبهٔ امنیتی مهم است. نگهدارنده‌های دبیان معمولاً در حوزه‌های مرتبط با بسته‌ها خبره هستند؛ اما این مورد معمولاً در مورد بسته‌هایی به غیر از بسته‌های معدودی که اوبونتو پشتیبانی می‌کند صادق نیست.

چرا تیلز از دسکتاپ گنوم استفاده می‌کند؟

People have asked for Tails with LXDE, XFCE, MATE, KDE, and so on, but we are not going to use a different desktop.

The main drawback of GNOME is that it requires quite a lot of resources, but GNOME has many advantages, especially for users who are new to Linux.

The GNOME desktop is:

• Well integrated

• Very well translated

• Doing relatively well in terms of accessibility features

• Actively developed

• Well maintained in Debian, where it is the default desktop

ما کمی وقت صرف کسب اطلاعات در مورد گنوم کرده‌ایم و عوض کردن محیط دسکتاپ مستلزم این است که دوباره این روند را طی کنیم.

That's also why we are not going to provide more than one desktop option.

نصب

Do I need a USB stick dedicated to Tails?

Yes. Tails requires a USB stick dedicated to running Tails only.

If it were possible to use the same USB stick with another operating system, for example to store files to use on Windows, a virus in the other operating system could corrupt your Tails.

That's why your Tails USB stick is not recognized in Windows and why we discourage installing other live operating systems on the same USB stick.

To store files in your Tails USB stick, use the Persistent Storage. To exchange files between Tails and another operating system, use a separate USB stick.

آیا می‌توانم تیلز را به طور دائم روی سخت‌دیسک خود نصب کنم؟

This is not possible using the recommended installation methods. Tails is designed to be a live system running from a removable media: USB stick or DVD.

این تصمیم آگاهانه از این رو گرفته شده که این حالت برای چیزی که برای کاربران تیلز می‌خواهیم بهتر است: فراموشی، یعنی این که تیلز پس از پایان نشست کاری ردپایی روی رایانه باقی نمی‌گذارد.

Can I install Tails with UNetbootin, YUMI, Ventoy, or another tool?

No. Those installation methods are unsupported. They might not work at all, or worse: they might seem to work, but produce a USB stick that does not behave like Tails should. Follow the download and installation documentation instead.

آیا می‌توانم تیلز را با استفاده از apt upgrade یا سینپتیک به‌روز کنم؟

No. Upgrading whenever you get a notification from Tails Upgrader is enough.

Tails provides upgrades every 4 weeks, which are thoroughly tested to make sure that no security feature or configuration gets broken.

If you upgrade the system yourself using apt or Synaptic, you might break things.

Our team sometimes publishes emergency releases, whenever important security upgrades are available in Debian or Tor Browser before the next scheduled release.

Can I buy a preinstalled Tails USB stick or DVD?

خیر. ما دستگاه‌های تیلز ازپیش‌نصب‌شده نمی‌فروشیم.

فروختن دستگاه‌های ازپیش‌نصب‌شده در واقع فکر بسیار بدی هستند:

• If burned on a DVD, then this DVD would be outdated on the next release. This means after 4 weeks at most.

• If installed onto a USB stick, then it would be impossible to verify that the Tails on the USB stick is genuine. Trusting that a Tails USB stick is genuine should be based either on cryptographic verification or on personal trust (if you know someone you trust who can clone a Tails USB stick for you). But once Tails is installed on a USB stick it is not possible to use our cryptographic verification techniques anymore. Being able to trust your Tails USB stick is something that we really care about.

Can I verify the integrity of a Tails USB stick or DVD?

It is impossible to verify the integrity of a Tails USB stick or DVD while running Tails from it. It would be like asking someone whether they are lying: a true liar would always pretend to tell the truth.

If you worry that your Tails might be corrupted, do a manual upgrade from a trusted operating system to upgrade it to a trusted version of Tails.

Tor Browser

Why is JavaScript enabled by default in Tor Browser?

Many websites today require JavaScript to work correctly. As a consequence JavaScript is enabled by default in Tails to avoid confusing many users. But Tor Browser takes care of blocking dangerous JavaScript functionalities.

Tor Browser also includes a security level and the NoScript extension to optionally disable more JavaScript. This might improve security in some cases. However, if you disable JavaScript, then the fingerprint of your Tor Browser differs from most users. This reduces your anonymity.

ما معتقدیم در این مورد فعال نگاه داشتن جاوااسکریپت به طور پیش‌فرض بهترین مصالحه بین کاربردپذیری و امنیت است.

Can I install other add-ons in Tor Browser?

Installing add-ons in Tor Browser might break the security built into Tails.

افزونه‌ها می‌توانند کارهای بسیاری در مرورگر انجام دهند و حتی اگر تمام فعالیت‌های مرورگر از طریق تور عبور کند، بعضی افزونه‌ها ممکن است با بقیهٔ تنظیمات مشکل داشته باشند یا باعث درز کردن اطلاعات خصوصی شوند.

۱. آن‌ها می‌تواند اطلاعاتی در مورد رفتار وب‌گردی، تاریخچهٔ وب‌گردی یا اطلاعات سیستم شما را چه از عمد و چه از روی اشتباه پیگیری و فاش کنند.

1. They can have bugs and security vulnerabilities that can be remotely exploited by an attacker.

2. They can have bugs that break the security offered by other add-ons and break your anonymity.

3. They can break your anonymity by making your browsing behaviour distinguishable from other Tails users.

Unless proven otherwise, no add-on, apart from the ones already included in Tails, has been seriously audited and should be considered safe to use in this context.

Should I manually update add-ons included in Tor Browser?

No.

Tails provides upgrades every 4 weeks, which are thoroughly tested to make sure that no security feature or configuration gets broken.

Updating add-ons in Tor Browser might break the security built into Tails.

چگونه نتایج آزمون‌های ناشناسی آنلاین را تحلیل کنیم؟

Fingerprinting websites, such as https://coveryourtracks.eff.org/, try to retrieve as much information as possible from your browser to see if it can be used to identify you.

As explained in our documentation about the fingerprint of Tor Browser in Tails, Tails provides anonymity by making it difficult to distinguish you from other users of Tor Browser (either in Tails or on other operating systems).

So, the information retrieved by such fingerprinting websites is not harmful for anonymity in itself, as long as it is the same for all users of Tor Browser.

علاوه بر این ما نتایج این تارنماها را پیش از هر انتشار تأیید می‌کنیم. رجوع کنید به مجموعهٔ آزمایش.

شبکه

آیا می‌توانم در تیلز از وی‌پی‌ان استفاده کنم؟

Currently, Tails does not work with VPNs.

Tor provides anonymity by making it impossible for a single point in the network to know both the origin and destination of a connection.

Unlike Tor, VPNs don't provide strong anonymity because the VPN provider can see both where you are connecting from and where you are connecting to.

But VPNs have clear benefits over Tor in some situations where strong anonymity is not needed, for example:

• To access websites that block Tor or can only be accessed from a given country

• To use videoconferencing tools like Jitsi or Zoom

• To access private VPN services like intranets or share folders

• To browse the Internet at higher speeds than Tor

In the future, we want to add another browser in Tails that would use a VPN instead of Tor. See our blueprint on VPN support.

آیا می‌توانم کشور گره خروجی خود را انتخاب کنم یا torrc را تغییر دهم؟

Editing the Tor configuration file, also called torrc, to modify how Tor creates circuits can weaken your anonymity in ways that are hard to understand and explain. That is why we don't explain how to modify the Tor configuration file in Tails, for example, to choose the country of your exit nodes or exclude some entry guards.

Still, you can close a given circuit and trigger Tor to create a new one using the New Tor circuit for this site button of Tor Browser or the Onion Circuits utility.

Why does Tails automatically connect to websites when starting?

The clock of the computer needs to be set at the correct time for both:

1. Being able to connect to the Tor network.

   The computer clock is fixed a first time, approximately, before connecting to Tor, either automatically or manually.

2. Protecting your anonymity while using Tor.

   The computer clock is fixed a second time, precisely, to prevent a website from identifying you by analyzing minor differences between your computer clock and the correct time.

   This second synchronization is made by sending HTTPS queries through Tor to several websites and deducing a correct time from their answers. You can see the list of websites that Tails can connect to in /etc/default/htpdate.pools.

See also our design document on time synchronization.

آیا می‌توانم با راه‌اندازی یک رله یا پل در تیلز به شبکهٔ تور کمک کنم؟

در حال حاضر راه‌اندازی یک رله یا پل تور در تیلز ممکن نیست.

Can I run a Tor onion service from Tails?

You can use OnionShare to share files, websites, and chat rooms from Tails using onion services.

It is technically possible to use Tails to create other onion services, but it is complicated and we have no plans to document this.

Can I use ping in Tails?

It is impossible to use ping in Tails, because ping uses the ICMP protocol while Tor can only transport TCP connections.

Included software

آیا امکان گنجانده‌شدن نرم‌افزار محبوب من در تیلز وجود دارد؟

First, make sure that this software is already available in Debian, as this is a requirement to be included in Tails.

Adding to Tails software that is not in Debian implies extra work that could compromise the sustainability of the project.

Being in Debian brings many advantages:

• It is included in the Debian process for security updates and new versions.

• It is authenticated using OpenPGP signatures.

• این نرم‌افزارها تحت مراقبت جامعهٔ دبیان و کاربران و مشتقات بسیار آن از جمله اوبونتو قرار دارند.

To check whether some software is in Debian, search for it on https://packages.debian.org/. If it is not yet available in Debian, ask its developers why it is not the case yet.

دوم این که این نرم‌افزار شاید برای اهداف طراحی ما سودمند نباشد. برای درک موارد استفادهٔ مورد نظر ما و پیش‌فرض‌های تیلز رجوع کنید به سند طراحی ما.

ما همچنین تلاش می‌کنیم میزان نرم‌افزارهای موجود در تیلز را کاهش دهیم و تنها به دلایل بسیار مناسب چند نرم‌افزار در آن می‌گنجانیم:

• We try to limit the growth of the images and automatic upgrades.

• More software implies more security issues.

• We avoid proposing several options to accomplish the same task.

• اگر پس از اضافه شدن یک بسته، برای مثال به دلایل مشکلات امنیتی، مجبور به حذف آن شویم، ممکن است مشکلاتی برای کاربران به وجود بیاید چون به این نرم‌افزارها اتکا می‌کنند.

After considering all this, if you still think that this software is a good candidate to be included in Tails, please explain us your proposal on GitLab.

این‌ها نرم‌افزارهایی هستند که از ما مکرراً برای گنجاندن آن‌ها در تیلز درخواست می‌شود:

• monero: not in Debian (#17823)

• bitmessage: not in Debian

• retroshare: not in Debian

• rar/unrar: not Free Software

Can I use messaging apps like WhatsApp, Telegram, or Signal in Tails?

Adding Signal is very high in our priorities but complicated because Signal is not available in Debian by default and updates very often.

Because no single app will ever meet the needs of all our users, we might also make it easier to install other messaging apps. (#14567)

In Tails, you can already chat over XMPP using Pidgin and create anonymous chat rooms using OnionShare.

Current alternatives:

• Signal

  You can follow this tutorial to install Signal Desktop on Tails and link to an existing Signal account.

  To create a Signal account for a new telephone number from Tails, follow this tutorial on registering an account using signal-cli.

• WhatsApp

  WhatsApp Web works in Tor Browser as of January 2025. WhatsApp Web has been unreliable in Tor Browser in the past and might stop working in the future.

• Telegram Web

  Telegram Web does not work in Tor Browser as of January 2025. Telegram Web has been working in Tor Browser in the past and might work again in the future.

Can I do voice or video calls from Tails?

Not yet.

• Videoconferencing tools that work in web browsers, like Jitsi or Zoom, don't work in Tor Browser yet.

  They rely on the WebRTC technology, which uses UDP connections. But, the Tor network only supports TCP connections, like the ones used for HTTP and email.

  To remove this limitation, the Tor Project is working on supporting UDP traffic over Tor.

• Proprietary applications like Skype or Zoom will never be available in Tails because they are not Free Software.

• Mumble is the only voice chat application that we know works from Tails. You can use the Additional Software feature to add Mumble to your Tails.

  Wahay is a decentralized voice chat application based on Mumble. If you are a Debian developer, please help us get Wahay in Debian.

آیا می‌توانم در تیلز با بیت‌تورنت دانلود کنم؟

تیلز از هیچ نرم‌افزار بیت‌تورنتی استفاده نمی‌کند و احتمال این کار در آینده نیز کم است.

There are 2 problems with using BitTorrent over Tor:

• از نظر فنی انجام این کار دشوار است؛ رجوع کنید به https://blog.torproject.org/bittorrent-over-tor-isnt-good-idea.

• این کار باعث وارد شدن آسیب به شبکه می‌شود؛ رجوع کنید به https://blog.torproject.org/why-tor-slow-and-what-were-going-do-about-it.

Can I use Monero in Tails?

Yes. You can install the Feather Monero wallet as an AppImage.

Tails currently does not include a Monero wallet. However, we are interested in making it easier to use Monero in Tails in the future. See #17823 for a list of unofficial guides on how to use Monero in Tails.

آیا تیلز ضدویروس هم دارد؟

No, as other Linux systems, Tails doesn't require an antivirus to protect itself from most malware, such as viruses, trojans, and worms. There are various reasons why Linux operating systems generally don't need antivirus software, including the permission design of Linux systems.

برای جزییات بیشتر رجوع کنید به صفحهٔ ویکی‌پدیا در مورد بدافزارهای لینوکس.

Why does Tails include old versions of software?

The Tails 7 series is based on Debian 13 (Trixie).

The version of each application included in Tails corresponds to the version available in this version of Debian. Even though some versions might be old, the Debian Security Team provides security updates.

Newer versions of all applications will be available starting from Tails 7.0, which will be based on Debian 13 (Trixie). Until then, you cannot update any of the applications included in Tails to a newer version.

You can see which version of a software package is available in each version of Debian on https://packages.debian.org/.